This report of the european centre for disease prevention and control ecdc. Vector control with a focus on aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Local governments and mosquito control programs often use an integrated mosquito management imm or integrated vector management ivm approach to control mosquitoes. Mosquito control measures for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever are all transmitted to humans by the aedes aegypti mosquito. The use of predators such as mosquito fish to reduce the population of mosquitoes the use of larvicides to kill larvae mosquitoes the use of personal protective measures such as mosquito repellents e. Deet or permethrin, wearing long sleeves and trousers, and staying of mosquitoes breeding sites. Pdf mosquitoes represent the major arthropod vectors of human disease worldwide. While chemical mosquito population control measures have been used with some degree of success, they are toxic to other insect populations and to the health of humans. Many types of vector control strategies exist including physical, chemical, biological. Eligibility requirements you must be an eligible applicant as defined in the public assistance program policy guide page 9 and have the legal.
Control mosquitoes outside your home remove standing water where mosquitoes could lay eggs. Mosquito control agencies in the united states have undertaken extensive larviciding to kill immature stages of culex spp. The best approach to controlling mosquitoes takes advantage of every life stage of a mosquito to achieve control, using a unified approach referred to as integrated pest management ipm. Once a week, empty and scrub, turn over, cover, or throw out any items that hold water like tires, buckets, planters, toys, pools, birdbaths, flowerpot saucers, or trash containers. Practical guidelines for the vector control worker 174 annex 1.
Mali, vector control measures help reduce the impact of mosquitoborne diseases, although malaria remains a threat to both morbidity and mortality. Persuade commanders to enforce malaria preventive measures. Using repellent products to protect against mosquito borne illnesses. Check out the links below for prevention tips, mosquito. Dont waste your money on bogus products that dont work. Preventing or reducing dengue virus transmission depends entirely in controlling the mosquito vectors or interruption of humanvector contact. Mosquito control measures for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus andrea leal operations directorentomologist florida keys mosquito control district. Each mosquito season, the health department takes these pest control steps. Some insecticides available commercially may be used by the homeowner for mosquito control. In other words, if the mosquito is resistant to one active substance, the other one may still be effective. Field sampling methods for mosquitoes, sandflies, biting.
Mosquito control is a vital publichealth practice throughout the world and especially in the tropics because mosquitoes. Liz dykstra, phd zoonotic disease program, acting manager office of environmental health and safety washington state department. Read this book on springerlink download preface 1 pdf 1. Vector control strategies have traditionally focused on killing mosquitoes using a variety of insecticides. Sep 15, 2016 naled is an insecticide that has been registered since 1959 for use in the united states. Environmental management through reduction or removal of mosquito breeding sites has often been used alongside chemical or microbiological ovicides, larvicides, and pupicides 1,2,3,4 in areas where endemic mosquito. Normally the adult mosquito lives for about 23 weeks. The advantage of nontoxic methods of control is they can be used in conservation. Control measures could be aimed at different stages of the insect in its life cycle. In a short space the author has given an excellent summary of the various methods for controlling malaria by the reduction of mosquitoes. Mosquito control manages the population of mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human. Pdf many urban planners and managers erroneously assume that pestborne diseases are relics of the past. Integrated mosquito management west nile virus cdc.
Guidance for surveillance, prevention, and control of mosquito borne disease 2008 edition to obtain copies of this guidance or for more information, please contact. Surveillance tells us about species composition, abundance, gauges control efforts, and provides a historical perspective. Mosquitos and the diseases they transmit terry county. Pohanish, in sittigs handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and carcinogens seventh edition, 2017. Mosquito bite prevention united states not all mosquitoes are the same. While mosquitoes have many natural predators, in general, biological controls strive to achieve a balance between the predator and prey and this balance tends to favor the prey. Choosing a backup generator plus 3 legal house connection options transfer switch and more duration. Tender for pest control measures 08 pdf free download. Says horstmann, the combination of two active ingredients in one product has already established itself as an effective approach in agriculture.
The fight against zika, malaria and dengue research magazine. Mosquito control is somewhat of ultimate importance the. Reduce mosquito breeding sites outside your home by emptying or removing any containers holding stagnant water. Facts about mosquitoes there are over 2500 mosquito species worldwide, about 200 of. Malaria pocket guide includes information to help service personnel. Mosquitoes order diptera, family culicidae are some of the most adaptable and successful insects on earth and are found in some extraordinary places. All adult mosquito control measures are conducted after justified in accordance florida administrative code 5e. Table 2 provides a summary of these groups, the more problematic genera andor species, larval breeding habitats and general management approaches. Measures that lower mosquito production in stormwater structures are needed to protect public health. Imm uses a combination of methods to prevent and control mosquitoes that spread viruses, like west nile.
Liz dykstra, phd zoonotic disease program, acting manager office of environmental health and safety washington state department of health po box 47825 olympia, washington 985047825. If pmp receives a complaint from an account that requires a retreatment within this securechoice mosquito. Environmental assessment for mosquito management on. To control mosquitoes, you need to limit their habitat and prevent them from finding you. This plan is designed to minimize the impact of mosquito. Guidance for surveillance, prevention, and control of mosquitoborne disease 2008 edition to obtain copies of this guidance or for more information, please contact. Population genetics of insecticide resistance in the mosquito culex pipiens pdf. Managing mosquitoes to control mosquitoes effectively longterm, you need to use several complementary management techniques.
Information from centers for disease control and prevention cdc on mosquito borne viruses. Virtually any natural or manmade collection of water can support mosquito. It will especially benefit those professionals, scientists and students dealing with mosquitoes and their control on a daytoday basis. Trapping, biting counts and client service requests all provide information upon which control decisions are based. Mosquito management plan us fish and wildlife service.
It is used primarily for controlling adult mosquitoes, but is also used on food and feed crops, and in greenhouses. Environmental management measures constitute an effective component of such strategies. Check the labels for epaapproved products registered as effective against adult and larval mosquitoes. Who promotes the strategic approach known as integrated vector management ivm to control mosquito vectors, including those of dengue. Mosquito bites can be more than just annoying and itchy. Measures to control mosquitoes in wetlands of the bay area have a long history dating back to the early 1900s. Some of the commonly found potential breeding places for mosquitoes in hospitalsclinic buildingscompounds and the ways of elimination are given in the tables below. Vector control with a focus on aedes aegypti and aedes. Mosquitoes and their control is a valuable tool for vector ecologists, entomologists, and all those involved with mosquito control, biology, ecology, and systematics worldwide. They can spread viruses that make you sick or, in rare cases, cause death.
Understand the transmission and life cycle of malaria parasites. Puerto rico has been actively working to control mosquitoes that transmit zika and dengue and chikungunya for about six months. Understanding the mosquito population within your community is important. This is the best way to con trol mosquitoes since they lay eggs in. The eggs developing within the female mosquito need human blood for nourishment and so the female mosquito. The biology and medical importance of mosquitoes in indiana catherine a. Use an eparegistered insect repellent when outdoors. If possible, wear lightcolored, longsleeve shirts, pants and socks. Successful mosquito management requires intervening at some point during the mosquitos life cycle before they bite and infect a human. Jan 17, 2019 some insecticides available commercially may be used by the homeowner for mosquito control. Please consider this when discussing mosquito treatment options with customers in this situation. Mosquito sampling reason, a map with location keys can.
Biological mosquito control is the use of other living organisms to control mosquito populations. All adult mosquito control measures are conducted after. Implementation and integration of mosquito control measures. European centre for disease prevention and control. By understanding the local population, via surveillance efforts, identification, and disease testing, you are taking a proactive approach to prevent and control mosquito. The best known fish are gambusia affinis and lobister reteculatus.
Basic information on mosquito vectors and diseases 226 annex 2. Control programs focus on decreasing their numbers to minimze the risk of disease spread. Every step taken to control the mosquitoes has a cumulative effect and contributes immensely to control malaria. Stormwater is the rain or snowmelt that does not initially infiltrate into the ground and runs off of surfaces and is transported into nearby waterways.
The first is concerned with protection against mosquito bites and involves various personal measures, such as the use of. Seminole county mosquito control conducts routine inspections and treats areas as needed based on weekly routes, as depicted in this map. More than half of the worlds population lives in areas where this mosquito. Apr 21, 2016 mosquito control measures april 21, 2016 nbr staff meg tirrell looks at what is being done to control the mosquito populations to help prevent the spread of the zika virus. Aug 06, 2015 lectures in community medicine in easy to understand manner. In order to avoid comparing dissimilar p arameters, it is adult mosquito. The most effective way to avoid getting sick from viruses spread by mosquitoes when at home and during travel is to prevent mosquito bites. Mosquitoes are one of the deadliest animals in the world. Mosquito biology understanding the life cycle of the mosquito.
The eggs developing within the female mosquito need human blood for nourishment and so the female mosquito bites humans. Different mosquitoes spread different viruses and bite at different times of the day. Vector control, drug therapy mosquito culex west nile virus no curative drug treatment available vector control tsetse fly glossina sleeping sickness vector control, drug therapy sandfly phlebotomus leishmaniasis drug therapy, vector control black flies simulium river blindness onchocerciasis drug therapy, vector control. Pdf assessing the efficacy of fathead minnows pimephales. As participation is important for the success of the programme, staff of hospitals are encouraged to take part in the mosquito control. To control and prevent mosquito problems in general and spread of dengue fever in hospitalsclinics, carefully planned anti mosquito programme is needed for each individual hospital. Now the researchers are applying this principle to mosquito control as well with. Planning environmental management for mosquito control 165 v11. Mosquito control is an important means of controlling the spread of wnv, as the virus is primarily spread between avian and mosquito vectors. Deet or permethrin, wearing long sleeves and trousers, and staying of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes and their control presents a wealth of information on the. It answers requests, by multiple who member states, for advice on how to move from a reactive response to an emergency situation to proactive risk assessment, early warning systems, and preventive measures. An attempt is also made to highlight the traditional practices of mosquito control by going through lifestyle oriented and agricultural oriented practices which were in practice, which are still in use and will be measures to control mosquitoes. Naled for mosquito control mosquito control us epa.
List of environmental management measures which have proved to be. Furthermore, mosquito abatement measures must comply with all federal, state, territorial, and local laws. Epa has registered five different strains of bti found in 48 pesticide products that are approved for use in residential, commercial and agricultural settings primarily for control of mosquito larvae. Both sealed envelopes should be kept in a main bigger envelope superscribed as tender for pest control measures. The technical bid and the financial bid should be sealed by the bidder in two separate covers technical bid for tender for pest control measures and financial bid for tender for pest control measures. Alternative mosquito control methods as mosquitoes can transmit a number of diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, japanese encephalitis, yellow fever etc. Although most kinds of mosquitoes are just nuisance mosquitoes, some kinds. Mosquito prevention and control involves a basic understanding of their life cycle.
Integrated mosquito management imm the right approach. Sep 27, 2014 control other control measures include. A light spray application around building foundations, shrubs, and grasses will keep adults from resting in these areas. Command responsibility malaria control depends on directed discipline by those in. Guidance for surveillance, prevention, and control of.
Mosquito control begins with daily population tracking. A different angle of defense has emerged, which is genetic modification of the mosquito itself, making it transgenic. Mosquito control is a vital publichealth practice throughout the world and especially in the tropics because mosquitoes spread many diseases, such as malaria and the zika virus. The ability to increase mosquito control measures during a mosquito borne outbreak was assessed. Hill 1, caitlin shaunnessey2, and john macdonald1 1purdue university, department of entomology cooperative extension service. Mosquitoborne diseases who world health organization. Mosquitoes and their control norbert becker springer. Environmental protection agency for use in urban areas for mosquito control, and must be applied according to label directions and precautions by appropriately trained and certified applicators.
Virtually any natural or manmade collection of water can support mosquito production. Ivm is defined as a rational decisionmaking process for the. The current comprehensive mosquito surveillance and control plan is based on the principles of integrated pest management. Mosquito control manages the population of mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human health, economies, and enjoyment. Dec 19, 2016 it contains spores that produce toxins that specifically target and only affect the larvae of the mosquito, blackfly and fungus gnat. Resmethrin is pyrethroid insecticide used for mosquito control by aerial application in the usa, and may can also be used in greenhouses to control white fly.
Their ability to carry and spread disease to humans causes thousands of deaths every year. Type of mosquito aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus culex species viruses spread chikungunya, dengue, zika west nile biting habits primarily daytime, but can also bite at night evening to. For mosquito control, naled is applied as an ultralow volume ulv spray. Effectiveness of mosquito control chapter 4 the metropolitan mosquito control districts mmcd mission is to promote health and well being by protecting the public from disease and annoyance caused by mosquitoes. Furthermore, mosquito abatement measures must comply with all federal, state, territorial, and local laws, ordinances, and regulations concerning vector control. While mosquitoes have many natural predators, in general, biological controls strive to achieve a balance. Oct 02, 2017 how to get rid of mosquitoes using mosquito control tips the home depot duration. Mosquitoes characteristics, life cycle and control measures. Which will compete with the natural fertile male mosquito.